PDF<\/a><\/p>\nWithout the ready exchange* of information, knowledge cannot be created, decisions cannot be made.\u00a0 Without knowledge, innovations cannot be adopted.<\/p>\n
The interconversion of tacit and explicit information provides the social interactions required for creating knowledge. Studying a cook, writing a recipe, creating a menu, and practicing a technique are all examples of interconversion of tacit and explicit information. Each of those steps also requires interactions with others in order to proceed. Thus knowledge is created and innovations are adopted only through a web of social interactions.
\n
\nExplicit information<\/strong><\/em><\/span> – available for all to see. Explicit information can be expressed in words and numbers, can be easily communicated and shared in the form of hard data, codified procedures or universal principles. This is the hard information that we store in databases. It is the information of machines.
\n
\nTacit information<\/strong><\/em><\/span> – held inside our heads. Tacit information is highly personal and hard to formalize. Subjective insights, intuitions and hunches fall into this category. This is the soft information that we store in our heads. It is the information of people.<\/p>\nConversion between these two forms of information by the interaction of human beings creates new knowledge, the ability to take an action. There are four possible processes on the path to knowledge creation:<\/p>\n
\n- Tacit-to-tacit (socialization) – the direct exposure, testing and acquisition of information between individuals. Watch someone<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n
- Tacit-to-explicit (conversation) – the articulation of personal information into defined, decision-producing form. Write something<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n
- Explicit-to-explicit (combination) – the juxtaposition of diverse pieces of information to produce new knowledge. Analyze results<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n
- Explicit-to-tacit (internalization) – the subjective process of making new information one’s own. Memorize something<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

\nOrganizations that do not permit the easy conversion of information will create less knowledge and adopt fewer innovations. This is often seen by the inability of organizations to convert tacit information into forms usable by all. Some groups punish socialization and conversation in the community.<\/p>\n
Wisdom can never be attained without the rapid flow of information in a community.<\/p>\n
* This model has been adapted from the work of Nonaka and Takeuchi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
PDF Without the ready exchange* of information, knowledge cannot be created, decisions cannot be made.\u00a0 Without knowledge, innovations cannot be adopted. The interconversion of tacit and explicit information provides the social interactions required for creating knowledge. Studying a cook, writing a recipe, creating a menu, and practicing a technique are all examples of interconversion of … Continue reading 2. Tacit-Explicit Information<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":568,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"page_page.php","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-570","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pe2yp-9c","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":576,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/our-approach\/diffusion-of-innovations-in-a-community\/1-the-dikw-model-of-innovation\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":0},"title":"1. The DIKW Model of Innovation","date":"August 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"PDF Data simply exists. It gains context to become Information by human interaction, which itself becomes Knowledge by interconversion of different forms of information. Wisdom comes from repetition of the DIK cycle. Data by itself has no meaning. It fills databases. This data must be examined in order to become\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":568,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/our-approach\/diffusion-of-innovations-in-a-community\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":1},"title":"Diffusion of Innovations in a Community","date":"August 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"PDF Every idea or innovation takes a period of time to traverse a group of people. There is never a simultaneous adoption of something novel in a large group of people. Every individual proceeds through a multi-step process of adoption that separates everyone into different groups. Some move rapidly through\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":572,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/our-approach\/diffusion-of-innovations-in-a-community\/3-the-5-steps-to-adopting-an-innovation\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":2},"title":"3. The 5 Steps to Adopting an Innovation","date":"August 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"PDF Adopting an innovation requires a decision to be made, an action to be taken. As discussed previously, this suggests that data must become information leading in the creation of knowledge. What happens in a community is mirrored in an individual. The pioneering work of Beal and Bohen identified a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":575,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/our-approach\/diffusion-of-innovations-in-a-community\/5-five-researchers-helped-by-web-20-tools\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":3},"title":"5. Five Researchers Helped By Web 2.0 Tools","date":"August 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"PDF Scientific research contains many characters familiar to anyone who has ever worked for long in a lab. I've identified five types who can find substantial benefits using Web 2.0 technologies. An organization that recognizes the abilities of these individuals will increase the rate of diffusion of innovation in the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/about\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":4},"title":"About","date":"March 1, 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"SpreadingScience is devoted to increasing the rate of diffusion of innovation throughout a community. We do this in part by championing the use of online tools to increase the flow of information derived from scientific investigation. We help people and organizations understand how human social networks rapidly disperse important and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":574,"url":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/our-approach\/diffusion-of-innovations-in-a-community\/4-the-adoption-of-change-in-a-community\/","url_meta":{"origin":570,"position":5},"title":"4. The Adoption of Change in a Community","date":"August 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"PDF As discussed in Five Steps to Adopting an Innovation, individuals proceed through a multistep process as they decide whether to take up an innovation. The steps are awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption. Some individuals move faster through these steps. Some slower. The graph above is a simplification of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/570\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spreadingscience.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}